Thursday 22 March 2012

1.Schmallenberg in Europe.2.Avian Flu Humen-Egypt.3.Avian flu-Holland


1. تاثير فايروس الشملينبرغ على تجارة الحوم الحمراء في اوربا( للوقت الحاضر)
Schmallenberg Cases Grow, Trade Affected
The number of cases of Schmallenberg virus has been rapidly increasing since it was first discovered in Germany in November 2011.  There are now over 2000 cases of Schmallenberg in eight European countries(ثمانية دول اوربيه). 1. Luxembourg, 2. Netherlands, 3. Italy, 5. Belgium, 6.Spain, 7. Germany, 9. France, and the UK have all reported cases, with the latter three being the worst hit.كل ذالك حصل خلال اربعة شهور

What is Schmallenberg?
Schmallenberg causes congenital malformations
( خلقيه في الولادات تشوهات) and stillbirths(اجهاض) in cattle, sheep and goats. Bovine adults have shown a mild form of acute disease during the vector season.
Biting midges
(الهمجه او البرغش) are the confirmed culprits (السبب)for spreading the virus, they also are responsible for spreading  bluetongue  between the same species.

Affect on Trade
Despite the EU saying that any trade restrictions or request  for additional certification on live animals or their products due to the occurrence of Schmallenberg in the EU are disproportionate and scientifically unjustified, some countries have imposed trade sanctions.
Uruguay has announced that it will temporarily suspend the imports of genetic material from European countries and last week the US placed additional restrictions on shipments of ruminant  semen and embryos (germplasm) originating from the European Union in response to schmallenberg.
However, most controversially, Russia has banned the imports of live animals, including cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, from the EU. Imports of these animal products have also been suspended.  Russia is  justifying the ban on grounds of risk of bluetongue and Schmallenberg.
While the EU does not support the ban of any of the species mentioned, EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht and EU Health and Consumer  Policy Commissioner John Dalli have both commented that the ban on live pig imports is completely unjust, seeing as pigs are not affected by either of the diseases.

Prevention
Scotland,  Northern Ireland  and  Ireland have all issued warnings to livestock producers to beware of the risk of importing live animals from affected areas.  Earlier this week, France announced that it would look into providing compensation for producers affected by the virus.
It has taken over two years to develop an effective bluetongue vaccine and it would take a similar amount of time to develop one for Schmallenberg.
Until then, producers are urged to report any suspected cases of Schmallenberg to their veterinarians.
Dr Peter Bates  of  the  Veterinary  Medical  Entomology  Consultancy says that farmers cannot eliminate insect breeding  sites from their farm by minimising open dung heaps, unscraped slurry puddles, and old hay and straw stacks.
He also believes that an early start to insect control is essential, to reduce the risk and minimise costs.


 2. Avian influenza situation in Egypt – انفلونزا الطيور في البشر- مصر        
As of 19 Mar 2012 the Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt hasnotified WHO of a new case of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. The case is a 40-year-old female from Dakahlia Governorate. She developed symptoms on 6 Mar 2012 and was hospitalised on 12 Mar 2012.She was in critical condition and received oseltamivir upon admission.She died on 15 Mar 2012. The case was laboratory confirmed by theCentral Public Health Laboratories (NIC).
3. Re: ProMED- Avian influenza .Netherlands, turkey, LPAI H5N2
أنفلونزا الطيور في هولاندا- الديك الرومي
The outbreak in turkeys is caused by an avian influenza (AI) virus of
subtype H5N2. The infection was detected when serum samples scored positive in the
haemagglutination inhibition test on H5 antigen.
 In the Netherlandsall poultry farms are tested routinely at least once a year for
antibodies against AI virus. The H5 virus was detected in trachea and
cloacal swabs that were collected by the Netherlands Food and Consumer
Product Safety Authority as the follow-up of the serology results

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